Teaching Phonics Essay - 1673 Words

Phonics is described as â€Å"understanding letter-sound relationships, as well as larger letter pattern/sound pattern relationships† (Ruddell, 2009). Though in my opinion there is a lot more to phonics than this. There are several aspects to phonics, different types of phonics, negatives to the idea, and several ways to teach it. In this paper I will address all of these based on research I found, the discussion I had with my peers, and my own opinion. There are different aspects to phonics that should be taken into account by teachers. The first is how important phonics is to children. It is said that â€Å"both phonics and fluency need to be taught, practiced, and nurtured in the earliest stages of reading instruction and provided to students at†¦show more content†¦This means that they need to have to know effective ways to teach it and how to use the various types, which will be talked about in this paper. There are several different types of phonics but the two main types are implicit and explicit (Ruddell, 2009). The implicit approach, or analytic, is when the teacher teaches the relation between sounds and letters in the context of the word it is found in. This means you are looking at the whole word and not isolating sounds. The explicit approach, or synthetic, approach is the opposite of the analytic approach. Instead of looking at the word as a whole, the teacher looks at each individual sound (Ruddell, 2009). From what I know I believe that both of these need to be brought into the classroom. It is important for the child to know each sound so they are able to sound out unfamiliar words in their readings but it is also important for them to be able to recognize a word in context so they can identify words easily and quicker. In my experience in classrooms I have noticed the different ways these approaches were used. In my kindergarten placement the teacher usually used the expl icit approach. Each day we would concentrate on two or three letters and the sounds they made. We would practice the pronunciation and read a poem or sing a song with the letter in it. In my second grade class the teacher had a very different way. She would have the children look at the wholeShow MoreRelatedTeaching Phonics And Teach Phonics1474 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers’ need to be aware of. Phonics is one of the approaches adopted by teachers when teaching children to read and write. Adopting different methods of teaching phonics its what makes teachers effective, and adaptive. This essay aims to look closer at phonics and some of the different approaches used to teach phonics in the classroom. Phonics approaches that will be discussed in this paper include synthetic phonics, Analytic phonics, Linguist phonics and Word building. Phonics is a method that teachesRead MoreTeaching Phonics And Teach Phonics1414 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to be aware of. Phonics is one of the approaches adopted by teachers when teaching children to read and write. Teachers adopt different methods to teaching phonics its what makes them effective teachers and adaptive. This essay aims to look closer at phonics and some of the different approaches used to teach phonics in the classroom. Phonic approaches that will be discussed in this paper include synthetic phonics, Analytic phonics, Linguist phonics and Word building. Phonics is a method that teachesRead MoreTeaching Phonics Is An Essential Part Of A Child s Education1641 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding phonics is an essential part of a child’s education, as the knowledge they develop will assist them to read and write. Educators must have an understanding of phonics to teach it effectively. Teachers need to support students to learn what sounds, letters make, which is a phoneme. Educators also need to assist students to make the connection with the letters and their names, which is called graphemes (Tompkins, Campbell, Green, Smith, 2015, p. 142). Understanding that each letterRead MoreTeaching Experiences With Phonics And How They Incorporated A Culturally Relevant Curriculum1205 Words   |  5 PagesArticle one, teachers give their account on their teaching experiences with phonics and how they incorporated a culturally relevant curriculum. A third grade teacher who taught history was teaching the basic information about different cultures than the actual culture from their perspectives. Another teacher taught more on inferential teaching, relating what we know and experienced in our own life. One of the teachers taught phonics by making a personal alphabet book with the help of the parentsRead MoreBenefits of Using the Phonics Method to Teach Children to Read1698 Words   |  7 Pageslevel (Who Needs Phonics). They will not be able to apply to jobs, stigmatized in society, and may result in their children being illiterate also. In order to decrease the alarming rate of seven million illiterate children and give them a chance to have a better life is by integrating a method to teach them how to read better. There are numerous ways to teach a child how to read. Yet most of the methods can be divided in two groups; the whole-language approach or phonics. There has been andRead MoreTeaching Children to Read By Giving Them Something Worth Reading1441 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding written text. For this reason, reading cannot be developed through one simple strategy or component. In fact, reading is developed through six components. Those six components are comprehension, oral language, phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, and vocabulary. These six components work together and simultaneously to help create fluent readers. Through these six components, readers learn that there is meaning in written test. If readers do not understand the meaning of what theyRead MoreUsing Synthetic Phonics For Improving Reading Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesUsing Synthetic Phonics for Improving Reading Synopsis For this assignment, I will first briefly discuss the value of early reading pre-school and the stages of reading. After that I will critically evaluate the history of introducing synthetic phonics reading in primary schools in England. Furthermore, I will investigate the developments and issues which have been brought about the different teaching strategies used in schools and using teaching synthetic phonics in early years to teach first readingRead MoreIdeal Paper2487 Words   |  10 Pagessituations.† Teachers have a responsibility to ensure that each student that enter their present have a strong foundation in reading. The bible identifies teacher’s roles in 2 Timothy 3:16, â€Å"All scripture is breathed out of God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness. Teachers have a responsibility to ensure they provide instructions that will promote growth for all students. Although students have various learning styles, teachers can successfullyRead MorePhonics Program : The Effectiveness On Kindergarten Dibels2385 Words   |  10 PagesFundations Phonics Program in Kindergarten: The effectiveness on Kindergarten DIBELS Phonemic awareness is a vital role in literacy instruction. Many schools and districts adopt a commercially published basal reading program and it becomes the cornerstone of their instruction ( (David Chard, n.d.). We also know that through investigation and research it has shown us that word-recognition instruction and instruction in oral language skills related to word recognition were inadequately representedRead MorePhilosophy of Literacy Instruction1536 Words   |  7 Pagesteacher must also undergo guided practice with the students. A teacher should always provide as much guided practice that is needed. Students should never move on to independent practice until it is evident that they are ready. For example, I was teaching a guided reading lesson in my EDU 218 classroom, in which my peers were posing as students. The lesson involved the students to complete a story map on a book that they read. Although I knew that the students would be slightly familiar with a story

Poetry - 1461 Words

Analysis of Sonnet 75 (Amoretti) by Edmund Spenser Sonnet 75 is taken from Edmund Spenser’s poem Amoretti which was published in 1595. The poem has been fragmented into 89 short sonnets that combined make up the whole of the poem. The name Amoretti itself means â€Å"little notes† or â€Å"little cupids.† This poem is said to have been written on Spenser’s love affair and eventual marriage to Elizabeth Boyle, his second wife. Sonnet 75 centers on the immortality of spiritual love and the temporality of physical love. In the seventy-fifth sonnet of Amoretti, the line scheme of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet is employed. The rhyme scheme is the typical Spenserian sonnet format of the first quatrain being ABAB, the second being BCBC, the third†¦show more content†¦Normally, nature is associated with the female entity because both are responsible for giving and sustaining life. Here, however, the author’s reason for giving a masculine identity to nature must be because of the malignant role it is playing. Edmund Spenser’s Sonnet 75 from Amorreti is not only an exquisite piece of Elizabethan times, it portrays the quintessential poetry of the time as well. His optimal employment of literary techniques of form, rhyme, imagery, personification and alliteration give the sonnet a wholesome structure and an pleasant quality. Theme : When he writes her name on the sand, her name is washed away by the waves. He tries again and again but his all attempts when the tide is in will be washed. The lover here emphasize that allegorically; The tide represents the time and The sand of seashore represents his memories The word tide refers to the word time also in means of written and sand also refers to his memories because memory is a reflection of the past and it has a particular shape in minds to indicate particular moments and events which we experienced. but this shape in time becomes uncertain as the time passed memory skips over some important or trivial details. So everthing can be forgetton, ,n memory there can be nothing everlasting JUST LÄ °KE HER NAME ON THE SAND OF SEASHORE.. theShow MoreRelatedA Poetry Explication Of Poetry972 Words   |  4 PagesA Poetry Explication of â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† A poetry explication is a fairly short analysis, which describes the possible meanings and relationships of the words, images, and other literary elements that make up a poem. These elements help the reader have an understanding of the poem and what the author is trying to convey in a very effective way. Most young readers don’t usually understand the poems. For this literary explanation the reader had an interest in the poem â€Å"Introduction to poetry†Read MoreThe Importance Of Poetry In Poetry1191 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough poetry evokes many varying opinions among high school students, I believe poetry should be be taught in public schools because it is important to learn different types of writing in english, poetry is a way of self expression, and some students end up loving poetry. This opinion will be made clear by analyzing poetry as well as other literature based on the topic. Poetry is a way of self expression and various of poems show this. For example the poem, Why Am I So Brown by Trinidad SanchezRead MoreRule Analysis : Poetry By Poetry1353 Words   |  6 PagesRule Analysis: Poetry Introduction Poetry is a genre that expresses feeling through rhythm and tone, while creating a realistic vision of what the poet is imagining. Poems can either be short or could be lengthy, but they all have a meaning to them. A poem is often read for its message that it carries. The message is usually hidden in the context of the poem. Poetry is difficult because its language that is used is often indirect with the reader. There is no limit of subjects that can be used inRead MorePoetry1312 Words   |  6 Pages A Definition Of Poetry What is poetry? The question What is poetry used to be easier to answer. If it rhymed and had a regular  meter  (a type of rhythm), it probably was a poem. As they say,   If it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, looks like a duck, it must be a duck.† These days, not all poems rhyme or fit into standard forms. And if you look for a response to the question, What is poetry? you ll find lots of musingsRead MoreThe Defense of Poetry and An Apology for Poetry2888 Words   |  11 Pages Written in 1821, and published posthumously nineteen years later, Sidney’s essay, known as both The Defense of Poetry and An Apology For Poetry, stands as one of the most enduring writings on the merits of poetry and was highly influential upon the views of the period. Written, partially as a response to Stephen Gosson’s ‘School of Abuse’ and wider challenges to poetry, such as those of Plato. COULD SAY MORE SPECIFICALLY WHAT CHALLENGES HE IS RESPONDING TO HERE The essay operates underRead MoreThe Poetry Of Children s Poetry Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pages Poetry enchants and delights children of all ages, with its musical rhythms, playful imagery, and charming wordplay. There are millions of children’s poems compiled in every way imaginable. From the traditional Mother Goose nursery rhymes to the modern and innovative works of Shel Silverstein, children’s poetry has no lack of variation and novelty. They can have instructional value, like the rhymes used in classrooms and schoolbooks to teach letters and the months of the year, or read for pure enjoymentRead MorePoetry Analysis of Introduction to Poetry837 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry analysis of ‘Introduction to Poetry’ The Poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is by Billy Collins, an English poet, and it is about how teachers often force students to over-analyze poetry and to try decipher every possible meaning portrayed throughout the poem rather than allowing the students to form their own interpretation of the poem based on their own experiences. Throughout the poem, a number of literary devices are used. For example: â€Å"or press an ear against its hive†. Using this metaphorRead MorePoetry2569 Words   |  11 PagesMr. Dato was born in Camarines Sur in 1906. As a student he became interested in poetry. His first book, Filipino Poetry was published in 1924 and is considered the first anthology of Filipino poems in English. He published his own poems in Manila : A Collection of Verses (1926). He preferred the classical tradition and his favorite form was the sonnet. The smooth rhythm of his verse is similar to Longfellow’s poetry. In 1936 Mr. Dato published My Book of Verses. Jose Garcia Villa has included twoRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poetry And Poetry1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdark, meditative and defiant toned poems about death, gender and poetry itself, often challenging social beliefs and traditions. Each poem sticks to these pre-modernist views and styles, but place the emphasis on different aspects of her common themes. Although the poems are similar in form and their uses of metaphors, the focus of these poems are different, â€Å"I dwell in Possibility† focuses on the limitless possibilities of poetry and the power associated with it, while â€Å"They shut me up in Prose†Read MorePoetry1463 Words   |  6 Pages|SECTION B | | | |Spend about 1 hour on this section. Think carefully about the poems before you write your answer. | |In the first

Blood Brother Analysis Essay Example For Students

Blood Brother Analysis Essay We worked with two songs from Blood brothers; the opening and final song, both sung by Mrs. Johnstone. We got into groups and discussed what the purpose of each of the songs was and how we could add movement to it to tell the story and make obvious who was who by using mime. In this way the songs were both being used effectively as narration, and a good way of interpreting the song  The first song is an active narrative, it tells you what is happening as it happens, so for example when she sings we got married then we had a do Josh who played Mr. Johnstone got on his knee and placed a ring on my engagement finger. Then we started dancing with the others and people were taking pictures of us, the happy couple. The first Photograph was taken in the first song when Mr. Johnstone has just left Mrs. Johnstone for a younger, thinner, childless version her of. Amie who is in his arms. Then there is me, Mrs. Johnstone is the back holding a baby, left alone, and all the attention is on the new girl.  We linked the two songs by having myself stay on stage miming holding two babies in my arms, Amie then gave me some money in return for one of the babies, so I handed her one then walked off to the back of the stage were Josh Dan Kate Adam and Harry stood with their back to the audience. I think that it was a neat change over and it had told the story in one. The story of the blood brothers had begun. The second photograph was taken at the end of the second song when the twins had both died.  The second song was a passive narrative so didnt have one event happening after the other.  We decided to start from when the boys first meet and we brought the first song we looked at in blood brother which was the kids singing 1-10 then you get back up again which was basically a war game. So we played that then from josh kicking a ball times completely changed he walked off to get the ball then he came back on to see Dan, Kate Harry and myself smoking and drinking and from 7 we turned 17.Dan (Mickey) then turned round with his back to me and when he  looked back. I was hugging josh who was Eddie and got jealous then started on Eddie with myself in the middle of  them with my hand in front of Mickeys face shacking my head, This then showed clearly who was who. I was Linda, Josh was Eddie and Dan played Mickey. Mickey pushes Linda away then pulls out a gun on Eddie then shoots I them sit next to Eddie on the floor crying looking at Mickey shacking my head then he drops his gun looking behind him where Harry Adam and Kate stood with guns pointing at him then shoot. We said that the three of them could have represented his guilty conscious or just simply the police. Throughout the whole of this song Amie who played either Mrs. Lyons or Mrs. Johnstone sat towards the audience with broken hearted expressions as if she was telling the story and we were her memory, re-living it in her mind. I think this was really affective because in the space of 6minutes we re-lived the whole of a 2hour play in mime using the two main songs as the narrator. I was very pleased with them but could have improved the first one because we didnt put so much thought into it.

What Did It Mean to Modernize the State

Modernization is the concept that touches each country and society in general. Society has to adopt new ideas and modern ways in order to meet all the necessary requirements and traditions, which may change with time. Such implementation of changes helps society to comprehend deeper which actions will be successful and which may lead to a disaster. However, not each nation clearly realizes what the concept â€Å"to modernize the state† actually means.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Did It Mean to Modernize the State? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In political terms, Asians and Africans make an attempt to respond to two ideas, traditionalism and modernism, which are characterized by different outcomes; the implementation of the ideas of modernism, demonstrated by many Asian nationalistic movements, turned out to be much more successful than following the traditions for future of Asian nations and t heir relations with other countries. In political terms, the essence of traditionalism lies in the fact that traditions are the most authoritative among the other factors, which have an influence on controlling the environment; and the essence of modernism is all about the ability to control or influence all social circumstances by means of changes the traditions, rethinking science and already established ideas, and find out new meanings within human experience (Varma 1999, p. 348). Traditionalism and modernism are the two contradictory ideas, which aim at improving society of one nation and its cooperation with other countries. During 1800s – 1900s, Asians and Africans could easily respond to imperialism in different ways, and modernism or traditionalism were one of them. Taking into consideration the fact that Asians chose something that could distinct them, their preference to modernism was almost obvious. Asians starts their revolting against western culture before World War I, however, only in 1914, they had enough powers in order to demonstrate their domination effectively (McKay, 2006). Lots of Asian nationalistic movements tried to support and develop the ideas of human dignity and political freedoms. Those mass movements promoted the importance of modernization of society by means of rejecting traditional norms and developing some new technologies in different spheres of life.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of the chosen by Asians way in order to respond to imperialism was rather successful. Even if it contradicted numerous western rules, which dominated during a long period of time, the ideas of modernism within certain countries only interested lots of people. Only huge numbers of people and the demonstration of their extreme desire to offer something new could win and even affect western culture. Negative effects were still noticed after the implementation of the modernistic approach. Lots of members of Asian nationalistic movements divide the whole world into â€Å"We† and â€Å"They†. Such understanding of the matter could promote joint discussions; someone should be always wrong, â€Å"they†, and someone was always right, â€Å"we†. The point is that all those â€Å"they† could be any other Asian, who could not or did not want to follow this new way of modernism. Distinct cultures and diversity in standpoints made Asians and Africans rather defensive in relations to people of the same nation and people of the other nation. To respond to imperialism that had been existed for many years, the representative of Asian and African nationalistic movements preferred modernism to traditionalism. Even if their ideas rejected the already respected traditions, they did not mean something wrong, but provoke more desire to choose this very way. Nationalism and freedom, desire to go agai nst the already existed rules and demonstrate the ability to support cultural renaissance – this is what made modernism a successfully chosen way to respond imperialism. Works Cited McKay, John, P., Hill, Bennett, D., Buckler, John, and Ebrey, Patricia, B. History of World Societies. 2006. 7 ed. 25 Aug. 2009, from http://college.cengage.com/history/world/mckay/world_societies/7e/chapters/chapter28.html Varma, S. P. Modern Political Theory. Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 1999. This essay on What Did It Mean to Modernize the State? was written and submitted by user N1ghtshade to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Organizational Behavior Essays - Free Essays

Employee Attitude/Organizational Behavior Essays - Free Essays Employee Attitude/Organizational Behavior Introduction A happy worker makes for a good worker you say? Well, United Airlines had somewhat of an all for one employee attitude in July 1994. They announced the purchase of their own company for which they work for $5 billion through ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan). So now, in the case of United Airlines, there obviously is a soar in employee productivity and spirits. Stocks have risen 120% due to this buyout (almost three times higher than the airline industry average gain). Every company or small business owner desires a positive employee attitude within his or her organization for high productivity and quality. United Airlines achieved this because the employees themselves took action, but for the majority, it is the managements first move. Taking the Apple from the tree The Idiots Guide for Changing Employee Attitudes would say to pay the employee what O.J. paid his defense team. Take away the money part of a job then no one except an old volunteer worker for a Save the World Foundation or a simple dork is going to show favorable attitudes towards the job. Now lets get realbut I thought that we were! Money can hypnotize some employees to become a more productive worker, but not all employees. (And even the ones that are motivated at the first glimpse of dead presidents will soon want. you guessed it, more money in order to drag their lazy ass up the next step). What about Bill Gates techno wizards at Microsoft? What sum of money short of Bills own bank account is going to motivate these 30-year-old Gulfstream owners to change their snobbish attitudes? On a more practical basis, what about those employees who value intrinsic rewards over the monetary type? Not all employees will be weaned with the flash of cash. So we all must consider the fact that human beings will be consistent towards the general sense of satisfaction, but what sort of things lead to this satisfaction? What kind of satisfaction are we looking for? More so, what is going to satisfy an employee? Most of the research in the study of OB (Organizational Behavior) are concerned with job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment. (Robbins, 1997) The second two attitudes, job involvement and organizational commitment, are more or less the results of job satisfaction. An employee who has a high level of job satisfaction tends to bear attitudes, which are favorable to the organization. When a prospective employee goes to that interview, there are going to be friends of that prospect who will give the most simple advice of Sell yourself! This is your chance to prove yourself to that important company! Little do those simpleton friends know that this is also the chance for the company to lay a sales pitch on the prospect too! Managers are concerned with the efficient operation and profit margin of the company more so than an employees job satisfaction. (Robbins, 1997) To managers, an employees job satisfaction is just an insurance that the employee will be productive and not skip work, and of course, to get the best man for the job. So of course, when a manager giving the interview favors a prospect, only the jobs favorable side will tend to be revealed. The prospect is told of a wonderland where the corporate ladder is actually a stepping stool. There is no mention of the negative sides, to which the manager does a David Copperfield on. The applicant now has expecta tions about this job that has to be met by the job or there will be a lot of dissatisfied employees. Balancing the positives with the negatives is important so that the employee will not be disappointed and become a problem that couldve been avoided from the beginning. (Robbins, 1997) Mirror, mirror on the wall. Successful leaders have vision, communicate well, make effective decisions, and motivate their followers. Employees are more likely to respond to a leader who is likable and credible. A leader who would want to change attitudes must have a very unbiased one. The managements attitude is going to give employees a very visual idea of how his or her job at the organization is going to generally be, and once

Using the Spanish Verb Pedir

Using the Spanish Verb Pedir The verb pedir is used to refer to the making of requests and is typically translated as to ask for or to request. It should not be confused with preguntar, which usually means to ask a question. Translating Pedir Keep in mind that if using pedir to mean to ask for, you shouldnt translate the for separately, as its meaning is already included in the verb. If youre a beginner at learning Spanish, it may help you to think of pedir as meaning to request, because the sentence structure you use with that English translation may more closely mimic the Spanish sentence structure. For example: Mis hijas me pidieron que les escribiera un libro. Both  My daughters asked me to write a book for them, and  My daughters requested that I write them a book are good translations. The two English sentences have the same meaning, but the second one is worded more similarly to the Spanish. Here are some examples of pedir in action: El gobierno pidià ³ la ayuda para los damnificados por el huracn. (The government asked for help for the hurricane victims.) ¿Es malo si mi enamorada me pide dinero para resolver sus problemas? (Is it bad if my sweetheart is asking me for money in order to solve her problems?)No pidas eso. (Dont ask for that.)No pido el dinero para mà ­. (Im not asking for the money for myself.)Pidieron un coche y salieron de prisa. (They asked for a car and left in a hurry.) ¿Quà © pides para tu cumpleaà ±os? (What are you asking for for your birthday?) Note that pedir que is followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood: Te pido que me escuches. (Im asking you to listen to me.)Pediremos que se reconozca el resultado de la eleccià ³n. (We will ask that the outcome of the election be recognized.)Nunca he pedido que me manden estos libros. (I have never asked them to send me these books.) Although to request or to ask for nearly always works as a translation, in some contexts it is sometimes better translated with a different verb. For example, pedir  can sometimes have a stronger meaning than ask: Un tercio de los votantes pidieron un cambio radical. (A third of the voters called for a radical change.)Mi jefe con rabia pudo haber borrado los archivos. (My boss angrily demanded to have the files be erased.) Pedir can also be used to refer to the ordering of merchandise or services: Me pongo muy triste cuando quiero pedir pizza y no tengo dinero. (I get very sad when I want to order pizza and I dont have any money.)Lo pidieron tarde por internet y no llegà ³ a tiempo. (They ordered it late online and it didnt arrive on time.) Phrases Using Pedir Here are some common phrases using pedir: pedir un deseo: to make a wish.  ¿Quà © pasa con las monedas que tiramos en las fuentes cuando pedimos un deseo? (What happens with the coins we throw in fountains when we make a wish?pedir la mano de:  to ask for someones hand in marriage. Le pedà ­ la mano de mi esposa en la estacià ³n del tren. (I asked for my wifes hand in marriage at the train station.)pedir justicia:  to seek justice, to demand justice. Los manifestantes piden justicia para el hombre que murià ³. (The demonstrators are demanding justice for the man who died.)pedir la Luna:  to ask for the moon, to ask for something impossible. Nuestros clientes no piden la Luna. Simplemente quieren disfrutar de un servicio rpido. (Our customers arent asking for the moon. They simply want to enjoy quick service.)pedir perdà ³n:  To ask for forgiveness, to apologize. Me pide perdà ³n por haberme hecho tanto daà ±o. (She apologized for having caused me so much harm.)pedir permiso:  to ask for permission. Nunca l e hemos pedido permiso a nadie. (We have never asked for permission from anybody.) Conjugation of Pedir Keep in mind that pedir is conjugated irregularly, following the pattern of vestir. When the -e- of the stem is stressed, it becomes an -i-. For example, here is the conjugation of the present-tense indicative mood: yo pido (I request), tà º pides (you request), usted/à ©l/ella pide (you/he/she request), nosotros/as pedimos (we request), vosotros/as pedà ­s (you request), ustedes/ellos/ellas piden (you/they request).

Qualitative Data Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative Data Collection - Essay Example Therefore, qualitative research in education approved of the researcher’s point of view as a critical aspect of the research. Thus, qualitative research in education asserts that the bias or subjectivity of the researcher is fundamental. Consequently, the perspective and value judgment of the researcher are profoundly bonded to the research (Darlington, 2002). In this perspective, the rapport or researcher and the issue that is being studied impossible to disconnect. In simple terms, what a researcher prefers to investigate is connected to his value judgment. There is an idea that research information and researcher’s value-laden conclusions or research interpretation cannot subsist independently. To a certain extent, information and researcher’s perspective are firmly interwoven with each other. Specifically, a researcher is regarded to be an ‘insider to the research’. In principle, this perspective is founded on a ‘subject-subject relationship’ (Darlington, 2002, 15) in which realities in human societies are subjective. There is an assumption that the researcher responds based on his personal value judgment. In any research approach, whether quantitative or qualitative, one of the most important steps is the data collection. In qualitative research in education, there are four major data collection methods, namely, ethnography, educational criticism, action research and case study. Ethnographers try to record, in a systematic manner, how indigenous people behave and how they rationalize their behavior. And ethnography, in principle, is a systematic account of this documentation. Indigenous people are individuals in circumstances anywhere, including youngsters and adolescents in schools, not merely people who subsist in isolated and hostile environments such as jungles or peasant villages (Sherman, 2001). Many researchers

Fast or slow recovery Executive summary Assignment

Fast or slow recovery Executive summary - Assignment Example Like wise to the economies of 1940s and 50s, the recovery was also followed by recession in 3 years. The new slump came as a result of fiscal stimulus plan from the government, but the consumers will see less sense due to less borrowing power to carry out spending. With consumers being cautious on spending, the economy will lack the main driving force to push it ahead hence collapsing again. The journalist is discussing the theories of a sharp rebound after a steep drop, a short rebound followed by a recession again and how anxiety keeps growth slow. In a sharp rebound after a steep drop, employers normally cut their payrolls and output so as to protect the company while customers delay majority of their purchases, when the growth return it will shoot up due to fierce expansion. In a short rebound followed by a recession again, the economy is build by fiscal stimulus program. Due to consumers who are unwilling to spend, the economy will go down once more due to lack of major driving force. The journalist assumes that the audiences are well educated and understand the present and past economic situation of the country. The author’s evidence is based on past economic events and comparing and contrasting them with the current

Appetizers and soups Essay Example for Free

Appetizers and soups Essay Lunch and dinner generally begin with sizzling-hot appetizers such as bacalaitos, crunchy cod fritters; surullitos, sweet plump cornmeal fingers; and empanadillas, crescent-shaped turnovers filled with lobster, crab, conch, or beef. Alcapurrias consists of a seasoned meat or crab filling wrapped in a seasoned dough of mashed green bananas and taro root (yautà ­a), which is then deep fried. Arepas/Domplines are fried rounds of flour-based dough. Sometimes they can contain coconut (known as arepas de coco). They are sometimes stuffed with seafood. Bacalaitos Fritos are fritters made from a pancake-like batter containing codfish, flour, and seasoning. Morcilla is a type of blood sausage. Surullos is fried corn meal logs, sometimes stuffed with cheese. Queso Frito is fried cheese. Empanadillas de carne/mariscos/queso Meat, seafood, or cheese turnovers usually called empanadas in other Spanish-speaking countries. On the eastern side of the island empanadillas are known as pastelillos, although pastelillo also refers to a pastry turnover. Soups are a popular beginning for meals on Puerto Rico. There is a debate about whether one of the best-known soups, frijoles negros (black-bean soup), is Cuban or Puerto Rican in origin. Another classic soup is sopà ³n de pollo con arroz -chicken soup with rice- which manages to taste somewhat different in every restaurant. One traditional method of preparing this soup calls for large pieces of pumpkin and diced potatoes or yautias (the starchy root of a large-leaved tropical plant whose flesh is usually yellow or creamy white). The third classic soup is sopà ³n de pescado (fish soup), prepared with the head and tail intact. Again, this soup varies from restaurant to restaurant and may depend on the catch of the day. Traditionally, it is made with garlic and spices plus onions and tomatoes, the flavor enhanced by a tiny dash of vinegar and a half cup of sherry. Galician broth (caldo gallego) is a dish imported from Spains northwestern province of Galicia. It is prepared with salt pork, white beans, ham, and berzas (collard greens) or grelos (turnip greens), and the whole kettle is flavored with spicy chorizos (Spanish sausages). Garbanzos (chickpeas), are often added to give flavor, body, and texture to Puerto Rican soups. One of the most authentic versions of this is sopà ³n de garbanzos con patas de cerdo (chickpea soup with pigs feet). Into this kettle is added a variety of ingredients, including pumpkin, chorizos, salt pork, chile peppers, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, and fresh cilantro leaves. The most traditional Puerto Rican dish is asopao, a made with either chicken or shellfish. One well-known version, consumed when the food budget runs low, is asopao de gandules (pigeon peas). Every Puerto Rican chef has his or her own recipe for asopao. Asopao de pollo (chicken asopao) takes a whole chicken, which is then flavored with spices such as oregano, garlic, and paprika, along with salt pork, cured ham, green peppers, chile peppers, onions, cilantro, olives, tomatoes, chorizos, and pimientos. For a final touch, green peas or asparagus might be added. Main Dishes Puerto Rican dishes are well seasoned with combinations of flavorful spices, though they are not as spicy as dishes from Mexico, India, or parts of China. The base of many Puerto Rican main dishes involves sofrito, similar to the mirepoix of French cooking, or the trinity of Creole cooking. A proper sofrito is a sautà © of chopped garlic, onions, recao/culantro (not cilantro, but a similarly flavored green leaf), a sweet pepper like Italian cooking peppers, tomatoes, coriander, peppers browned in either olive oil or land and colored with achiote (annatoo seeds), imparts the bright-yellow color to the islands rice, soups, and stews and small chunks of fatback bacon. The aroma that wafts from kitchens throughout Puerto Rico comes from adobo and sofrito -blends of herbs and spices that give many of the native foods their distinctive taste and color. Adobo, made by crushing together peppercorns, oregano, garlic, salt, olive oil, and lime juice or vinegar, is rubbed into meats before they are roasted. Stews loom large in the Puerto Rican diet. They are usually cooked in a caldero or heavy kettle. A popular one is carne guisada puertorriqueà ±a; (Puerto Rican beef stew). The ingredients that flavor the chunks of beef vary according to the cooks whims or whatever happens to be in the larder. These might include green peppers, sweet chile peppers, onions, garlic, cilantro, potatoes, olives stuffed with pimientos, or capers. Seeded raisins may be added on occasion. Meat pies (pastelà ³n de carne) are the staple of many Puerto Rican dinners. Salt pork and ham are often used for the filling and are cooked in a caldero. This medley of meats and spices is covered with a pastry top and baked. Other typical main dishes include fried beefsteak with onions (carne frita con cebolla), veal (ternera) a la parmesana, and roast leg of pork, fresh ham, lamb, or veal, a la criolla. These roasted meats are cooked in the Crà ©ole style, flavored with adobo. Puerto Ricans also like such dishes as breaded calfs brains (sesos empanados), calfs kidney (rià ±ones guisados), and stuffed beef tongue (lengua rellena). A festive island dish is lechà ³n asado, or barbecued pig, which is usually cooked for a party of 12 or 15. It is traditional for picnics and al fresco parties; one can sometimes catch the aroma of this dish wafting through the palm trees, a smell that must have been familiar to the Taino peoples. The pig is basted with jugo de naranjas agrà ­a (sour orange juice) and achiote coloring. Green plantains are peeled and roasted over hot stones, then served with the barbecued pig as a side dish. The traditional dressing served with the pig is ali-li-monjili, a sour garlic sauce. The sauce combines garlic, whole black peppercorns, and sweet seeded chile peppers, flavored further with vinegar, lime juice, and olive oil. Puerto Ricans adore chicken, which they flower various spices and seasoning. Arroz con pollo (chicken with rice) is the most popular chicken dish on the island, and it was brought long ago to the U.S mainland. Other favorite preparations include chicken in sherry (pollo al jerez), pollo agridulce (sweet and sour chicken), and pollitos asados a la parrilla (broiled chickens). Most visitors to the island seem to like the fish and shellfish. A popular fried fish with Puerto Rican sauce (mojo isleà ±o) is made with olives and olive oil, onions, pimientos, capers, tomato sauce, vinegar, and a flavoring of garlic and bay leaves.   Fresh fish is often grilled and perhaps flavored with garlic and an overlay of freshly squeezed lime juice -a very tasty dinner indeed. Caribbean lobster is usually the most expensive item on any menu, followed by shrimp. Puerto Ricans often cook shrimp in beer (camarones en cerveza). Another delectable shellfish dish is boiled crab (jueyes hervidos).On certain coastal towns of the island, such as Luquillo, Fajardo, and Cabo Rojo, seafood is quite popular, although much of it is imported. Only a tiny number of fishermen ply the waters off Puerto Rico today, and their catch never leaves their seacoast towns. The fact that the island sits next to the deepest part of the Atlantic means there is no wide continental shelf to foster a rich offshore fishery; neither are there any large rivers to dump extra nutrients into the sea that could build up a fish population. Popular seafood include bacalao (codfish), chapà ­n (tropical fish), pulpo (octopus, not always canned), carrucho (conch), camarones (shrimp), langosta (lobster) (most commonly caught in the surrounding waters), and jueyes (crabs). Many tasty egg dishes are served, especially tortilla espaà ±ola (Spanish omelet), cooked with finely chopped onions, cubed potatoes, and olive oil. The rich and fertile fields of Puerto Rico produce a wide variety of vegetables. A favorite is the chayote, a pear-shaped vegetable called christophone throughout most of the English-speaking Caribbean. Its delicately flavored flesh is often compared to that of summer squash. Breadfruit, prepared in a number of ways, frequently accompanies main dishes. This large, round fruit from a tropical tree has a thick green rind covering its starchy, sweet flesh. The flavor is evocative of a sweet potato. Tostones -fried green breadfruit slices- accompany most meat, fish, or poultry dishes served on the island. Tostones may also be made with plantains. In fact, the plantains seem to be the single most popular side dish served on the island. Plantains are a variety of banana that cannot be eaten raw. They are much coarser in texture that ordinary bananas and are harvested while green, then baked, fried, or boiled. When made into tostones, they are usually served as an appetizer with before-dinner drinks. Fried to a deep golden-yellow plantains may accompany fish, meat, or poultry dishes. Arroz Con Gandules is Puerto Ricos national dish, it is a rice-and-pigeon-pea dish seasoned with sofrito and smoked ham. Arroz Con Habichuelas Literally rice and beans, this dish is so common that the phrase rice and beans means essentially the same as our daily bread in northern countries. Dried pink beans are slowly stewed with chunks of calabaza (tropical pumpkin) flavored with a sofrito base, and then ladled over a mound of rice. Sticky medium-grained rice is more popular in Puerto Rico than long grain rice. Almost as popular as arroz y habichuelas are plà ¡tanos (plantains, or cooking bananas). They are daily fare, whether cooked green, deep-fried and mashed as tostones, or boiled and seasoned with escabeche. They can be let to mature until they are spotted outside and golden inside, and then deep-fried as maduros or amarillos. Sometimes they are baked instead of deep-fried. Mofongo is a popular Afro-Boricua dish, made from fried green plantains seasoned with garlic, olive oil and pork cracklings, then mashed. Mofongo is usually served with a fried meat and a fish broth soup. Rice is a mainstay of the Puerto Rican diet and it can be prepared in a variety of ways be it white served with kidney beans or prepared with gandules (pigeon peas) or garbanzos (chick-peas) or in a variety of other delicious ways. Desserts Desserts usually include some form of flan (custard) or perhaps nisperos de batata (sweet-potato balls with coconut, cloves and cinnamon). Equally traditional would be a portion of guava jelly with queso blanco (white cheese). Chefs take the bountiful harvest of Puerto Rican fruits and create any number of desserts, including orange layer cake, banana cupcakes, and guava cake. The most delicious dessert may be a freshly prepared fruit cocktail. Pumpkin, which grows in abundance on Puerto Rico, is used not only to flavor soups and as a side vegetable, but also to make the succulent base of a traditional Puerto Rican cake. Similarly, the sweet potato is used both as a side vegetable and in making a regional sweet-potato cake. Coconut is probably the most common dessert ingredient. Many delectable desserts are made with its milk (leche de coco), including coconut flan, coconut cream desserts, crunchy coconut squares, coconut with meringue, and candied coconut rice. Another classic preparation is coconut bread pudding (boudin de pasas con coco). Polvo de amor (love powder) is prepared with grated coconut meat after the milk has been extracted. The coconut is mixed with a lot of sugar and placed in a kettle to cook rapidly, then served crisp and golden brown. Puerto Ricans make a number of preserves and jellies. Both sweet and sour guavas are used for various concoctions -not only guava jelly, but guava shells in syrup, guava paste, and guava pudding. Papayas are made into preserved or desserts with sugar, cinnamon, and vanilla extract. A mango dessert is made with virtually the same ingredients. Mangoes may be used for mamey preserve (dulce de mamey) or may be consumed raw. Drinks Meals are ended with strong, black, aromatic Puerto Rican coffee. Originally imported from the nearby Dominican Republic, coffee is still among the islands exports. The island produces very little wine so it is proper to order a cold beer before looking at the menu. Beer, of course, is called cerveza throughout the Spanish-speaking world, the most popular brand on Puerto Rico is Medalla. Rum is the national drink, and you can buy it in almost any shade. Puerto Rico is the worlds leading rum producer; 80% of the rum consumed in the United States hails from the island. Todays rum bears little resemblance to the raw and grainy beverage consumed by the renegades and pirates of the Spanish Main. Christopher Columbus brought sugarcane, from which rum is distilled, to the Caribbean on his second voyage to the New World, and in virtually no time it became the regional drink. It is believed that Ponce de Leà ³n introduced rum to Puerto Rico during his governorship, which began in 1508. In time, there emerged large sugarcane plantations. From Puerto Rico and other West Indian islands, rum was shipped to colonial America, where it lent itself to such popular and hair-raising 18th-century drinks as Kill-Divil and Whistle-Belly Bengance. After America became a nation, rum was largely displaced as the drink of choice by whiskey, distilled from grain grown on the American plains. It took almost a century before the rum industry regained its former vigor. This occurred during a severe whiskey shortage at the end of the World War II. By the 1950s, sales of rum had fallen off again, as more and different kinds of liquor became available on the U.S. market. Rum had been a questionable drink because of inferior distillation methods and quality. Recognizing this problem, the Puerto Rican government drew up rigid standards for producing, blending, and aging rum. Rum factories were outfitted with the most modern and sanitary equipments, and sales figures (encouraged by aggressive marketing campaign) began to climb. The color of rum is usually gold, amber, or white. The lightest, driest rum is white. It can easily replace gin or vodka in dozens of mixed drinks that are eminently suited for consumption in the tropics. Many Puerto Ricans make Bloody Marys with rum instead of gin or vodka. The robust flavors of the gold or amber rums make them an effective substitute for whiskey. White (clear) rum, orange juice and tonic water are the most popular mixers; amber rum is often served on the rocks. Puerto Ricans are fond of mixing it with various cola drinks. Gold rums, aged between four and six years (sometimes longer) in wooden casks are called à ¡nejos. They are considered the most flavorful and distinctive on the island rums. They are smooth; drink them straight or on the rocks. Bacardi is the Puerto Rican rum most widely consumed in the United States. It is followed by other popular brands, including, Ronrico, Castillo, and Don Q. The à ¡nejos rums carry such labels as Bacardi Gold Reserve, Ron del Barrilito, and Seralles El Dorado. Each bartender worthy of the profession in Puerto Rico likes to concoct his or her own favorite rum libation. Every resort offers the pià ±a colada, which is made with cream of coconut, white Puerto Rican rum, and canned pineapple juice. The ingredients are thoroughly blended and served frappà ©-style in a tall cool glass, usually garnished with a maraschino cherry and a small paper parasol. But you may want to be more adventurous and sample some of the islands other cocktails, many of which are made with fresh fruit juices. Planters punch, served over cracked ice, is the second most popular mixed rum drink for tourists. Often, it combines dark Puerto Rican rum, dark-brown Jamaican rum, citrus juice, and Angostura bitters. Of course, you can substitute rum in many mixed drinks such as rum collins, rum sour, rum screwdriver, and rum and tonic. The classic sangrà ­a, which is prepared in Spain with dry red wine, sugar, orange juice, and other ingredients, may be given a thoroughly Puerto Rican twist with a hefty dose of the islands rum. Holiday dishes From November to January Puerto Ricans enjoy holiday parties and large family dinners almost daily, starting with the Thanksgiving turkey which is stuffed with a ground beef and/or pork mixture containing almonds, raisins, olives, hard boiled eggs, tomatoes, and garlic. Instead of the thin slices seen in the North, a baked turkey in Puerto Rico is often cut into large blocks or chunks to be served on a plate. Rice is a mandatory course in dishes such as Arroz con Gandules (rice with pigeon peas), Arroz con Tocino (rice with bacon), Arroz Mamposteao, and the sweet dessert Arroz con Dulce (rice pudding). Pork is central to Puerto Rican holiday cooking, especially the lechà ³n (spit-roasted piglet). Holiday feasts might include several pork dishes, such as pernil (a baked fresh ham shoulder seasoned in garlic and oregano), morcilla (a black blood sausage), tripa (tripe), jamà ³n con pià ±a (ham and pineapple), gandinga (stewed pork innards) and chuletas ahumadas (smoked cutlets). For many Puerto Rican families, the quintessential holiday season dish is pasteles, which English-speakers often literally translate to cakes. Pasteles are not a sweet pastry or cake, but a soft dough-like mass wrapped in a banana or plantain leaf and boiled. In the center of the dough are choice pieces of chopped meat, chicken, raisins, spices, olives, red peppers and often a garbanzo bean. Puerto Rican pasteles are similar in shape, size, and cooking technique to Mexican tamales. The dough in a Mexican tamal is made from corn meal; while in a Puerto Rican pastel it is made from either green bananas and/or starchy tropical roots. The wrapper in a Mexican tamal is a corn shuck or a banana leaf; the wrapper in a Puerto Rican pastel is a banana leaf. Pasteles also use different spices than tamales. The making of pasteles is a labor-intensive social activity. Many family members will get together for hours or days to make dozens to hundreds of pasteles to share with friends and loved ones. Pasteles from the Island are often shipped overseas packed in dry ice during the long Christmas season. They are received as a nostalgic, much treasured gift. Sweets are common in Puerto Rican cuisine. During the holidays, the most popular are deserts such as Arroz con Dulce (sweet rice pudding), Budà ­n de Pan (bread pudding), Barriguitas de Vieja (deep-fried sweet pumpkin fritters), Tembleque (coconut pudding), Flan (egg custard), Bizcocho de Ron (rum cake), Mantecaditos (manteca=lard; shortbread cookies), Polvorones (pà ³lvora=gunpowder, another crunchy cookie with a dusty sweet cinnamon exterior), Ajà ³njoli (a toasted sesame seed bar bound together by honey), Mampostiales (mamposterà ­a=an early form of concrete, used in the forts of Old San Juan; a very thick, gooey candy bar of caramelized brown sugar and coconut chips, challenging to chew and with a strong, almost molasses-like flavor), Dulce de Leche (milk caramel pudding), Pastelillos de Guayaba (guava pastries), Besitos de Coco (coconut kisses), Tarta de Guayaba (guava tarts), and Tortitas de Calabaza (pumpkin tarts). A popular Christmastime drink is coquito, an eggnog-like rum and coconut milk-based homemade beverag e. The holiday season is also a time that many pià ±a coladas are prepared, underscoring the combination of tropical America (pineapples) and Africa (coconuts) seen in Puerto Rican cuisine.    References Giovannetti, Jorge L. Popular Music and Culture in Puerto Rico: Jamaican and Rap Music as Cross-Cultural Symbols. In Musical Migrations: Transnationalism and Cultural Hybridity in the Americas, ed. Frances R. Aparicio and Cà ¡ndida F. Jà ¡quez, 81-98. Kurlansky, Mark. 1992. A Continent of Islands: Searching for the Caribbean Destiny. Addison-Wesley Publishing. ISBN 0-201-52396-5. Morris, Nancy (1995), Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity, Praeger/Greenwood, p. 62, ISBN 0275952282. Dictionary: Taino Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbean Retrieved: February 21, 2008. (Based on the encyclopedia Clà ¡sicos de Puerto Rico, 2nd. edition. Ed. Cayetano Coll y Toste. Publisher: Ediciones Latinoamericanas, S.A., 1972.). http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5257.html http://www.elagasse.com/bacalao.html http://www.ricanrecipes.com/ http://www.recipezaar.com/recipes/puerto-rican http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/World-Cuisine/Latin-America/Caribbean/Puerto-Rico/Main.aspx http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3812586.html http://www.psgrill.net/LiquorsSpirits/NuetralSpirits/Rum/RUM.html

Aggression: Social Learning & Cognitive Neoassociation in the Iraq War

From the daily conflict in Iraq to extreme incidents like the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, dehumanization of the "enemy" and the influence of the environment in which they are encountered can explain how and why soldiers on both sides aggress. Social learning theory is at the root of the dehumanizing process, for as seen in "Faces of the Enemy," such behavior is consistently supported & rewarded by the media and by armed forces (Jersey & Friedman, 1987). Equally important is the role of cognitive neoassociation analysis by Berkowitz, which acknowledges the environment and situational influences that can lead to feelings of aggression. Through the intersections of these two theories emerges a more comprehensive analysis than would be possible from one alone. In this case, social learning theory often plays its role by teaching through observation. When individual Iraqi insurgents or al-Qaeda in Iraq see others dehumanizing American soldiers and earning praise for it, they become accustomed to such thoughts, and as stated, find it easier to aggress. Such insurgents learn by the example of others that dehumanization is acceptable. The less human another seems, the easier it is to harm; often, soldiers' orders require them to do just that. In some ways this process mimics the BoBo doll experiment by Bandura (1977) in which children performed similar aggressive acts after seeing adults perform them (Kassin, Fein & Markus, 2008 p. 403). In June of this year, fifteen American soldiers were killed, mostly by attacks by Shiite militias (Associated Press [AP], 2011). Moktada al-Sadr, an influential Shiite cleric who is known for his anti-Americanism, said the American troops should be treated as "tyrannical occupiers" (AP, ... ...ar attacks, leading to additional stress (2007, p. 351). Pappas, apparently affected by the attacks, often made the soldiers sleep inside the prison cells for protection (Zimbardo, 2007 p. 335). With factors of heat, high stress, time pressure and lack of training, such stimulus likely helped produce the soldiers' readiness to aggress towards the detainees. In reality, it is a combination of contributing theories rather than a singular theory that explains such aggression in situations like Iraq. While learning to dehumanize prepares soldiers on both sides for aggression, cognitive neoassociation demonstrates how negative environmental factors contribute to the violence. However, though such theories of aggression stress the importance of the situation, social psychology does not excuse or condone extreme actions taken by both parties: it can only explain. Aggression: Social Learning & Cognitive Neoassociation in the Iraq War From the daily conflict in Iraq to extreme incidents like the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, dehumanization of the "enemy" and the influence of the environment in which they are encountered can explain how and why soldiers on both sides aggress. Social learning theory is at the root of the dehumanizing process, for as seen in "Faces of the Enemy," such behavior is consistently supported & rewarded by the media and by armed forces (Jersey & Friedman, 1987). Equally important is the role of cognitive neoassociation analysis by Berkowitz, which acknowledges the environment and situational influences that can lead to feelings of aggression. Through the intersections of these two theories emerges a more comprehensive analysis than would be possible from one alone. In this case, social learning theory often plays its role by teaching through observation. When individual Iraqi insurgents or al-Qaeda in Iraq see others dehumanizing American soldiers and earning praise for it, they become accustomed to such thoughts, and as stated, find it easier to aggress. Such insurgents learn by the example of others that dehumanization is acceptable. The less human another seems, the easier it is to harm; often, soldiers' orders require them to do just that. In some ways this process mimics the BoBo doll experiment by Bandura (1977) in which children performed similar aggressive acts after seeing adults perform them (Kassin, Fein & Markus, 2008 p. 403). In June of this year, fifteen American soldiers were killed, mostly by attacks by Shiite militias (Associated Press [AP], 2011). Moktada al-Sadr, an influential Shiite cleric who is known for his anti-Americanism, said the American troops should be treated as "tyrannical occupiers" (AP, ... ...ar attacks, leading to additional stress (2007, p. 351). Pappas, apparently affected by the attacks, often made the soldiers sleep inside the prison cells for protection (Zimbardo, 2007 p. 335). With factors of heat, high stress, time pressure and lack of training, such stimulus likely helped produce the soldiers' readiness to aggress towards the detainees. In reality, it is a combination of contributing theories rather than a singular theory that explains such aggression in situations like Iraq. While learning to dehumanize prepares soldiers on both sides for aggression, cognitive neoassociation demonstrates how negative environmental factors contribute to the violence. However, though such theories of aggression stress the importance of the situation, social psychology does not excuse or condone extreme actions taken by both parties: it can only explain.

Traning and Placement Project Report on Asp.Net

CHAPTER 1 1. ABSTRACT The Campus Recruitment database project has been specially designed to handle the recruitment needs before the start of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with many other features embedded in it. This project is used to keep records of candidate, companies and colleges and provide other useful information. The main emphasis is given about the candidate record. In this project we store the all information undergoing at the time of campus recruitment program . There is mainly three users are company, collage and candidate. ompany comes in the collage for recruitment and the collage organize the campus recruitment program for the candidate . The company contact to the TPO of the collage for the recruitment and collage give the notice in the. Newspaper for the recruitment program for the candidate knowledge. This is also used by the company see the previous performance of the candidate. There are a lot of companies, which are taking recru itment for candidate . They chooses the candidate on the basis of the different skill. The company can recruit the candidate for the different jobs.It is hoped that with all the characteristics the project will be found useful to the all recruitment companies as well as candidate and college. CHAPTER 2 2. INTRODUCTION 2. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT We are making this project to overcome the problem of tpo and company and candidate in the campus selection process we are providing the three user in this project first tpo login who can maintanethe whole record of college and student. Second login of company login and third login is student login. This will beneficial for Take complete record of the college about its name and address of it.Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs. Maintaining records about candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any previous campus. Maintaining records of vacant position of different companies and the particular skill record required for that position. Maintaining record about the date in which issue recruitment occur and also about the newspaper in which notice is issued. 2. 2 AIMThe Campus Recruitment database project has been specially designed to handle the recruitment needs before the start of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with many other features embedded in it. This project is used to keep records of candidate, companies and colleges and provide other useful information. Take complete record of the college about its name and address of it. Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs.Maintaining records about candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any previ ous campus. Maintaining records of vacant position of different companies and the particular skill record required for that position. Maintaining record about the date in which issue recruitment occurs and also about the newspaper in which notice is issued. 2. 3 STUDY OF CURRENT SYSTEM The Campus Recruitment database project has been specially designed to handle the recruitment needs before the start of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with many other features embedded in it.This project is used to keep records of candidate, companies and colleges and provide other useful information. In this project we are maintaining the all record of the student to make the easier in the selection process and providing the all information of the college and student. to make the easier the selection process in company we are making this project. CHAPTER 3 3. FEASIBILITY STUDY Feasibility reports describe one or more design solutions to a specific problem and determine if the proposed solution is practical and feasible.Preferably, more than one solution is offered, in which case the report compares the various designs and determines which option is best. Design and feasibility reports are essentially the same type of document, differing only in the amount of emphasis placed on practical and economic viability of the design in comparison with other possible solutions. A design report, often very similar to an internal proposal, focuses on describing one specific implementation. A feasibility study, on the other hand, also emphasizes the investigation and comparison of alternative solutions.Design reports and feasibility reports are crucial for decision making and product development in almost any technical organization. They document an engineer's thinking through a solution to a problem, a description of the solution, and the reasons why that solution should be implemented. Managers need accurate and comprehensive feasibility and design reports t o decide where to commit scarce resources. In addition, an accurate and comprehensive design report helps in developing other documents, such as formal proposals, specifications, and work plans. 3. 1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITYIn this project we are providing the help to the company for selection process and tpo to maintain the all record which are record the company for selection and all the material of company written papers and hr round question and technical question which will help to the student to prepare for the selection. it think this project will be helpful for company ,tpo and student. 3. 2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY For the design and development of the system, several software products have been accommodated.  · Database design –sql server, Interface design – . NET Framework. , Coding – C# or any other supported Language.This software’s have the  enough efficiency in  producing  the system. Therefore the project is technically feasible. 3. 3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY This softaware will be good in economically because it reduse the company effort to know about the college andabout the student for the selection process. inthis software this software available company peppers will help to the student for the selection and save money the attend any coaching for the company preparation andthis will be also help to the tpo to maintain the record of the student instead of the hard copy. is software ecinomacally is good it take not more spacein the ram and hard disk and maintenances’ also easy. CHAPTER 4 4. ANALYSIS & MODELING The first step in developing anything is to state the requirements. This applies just as much to leading edge research as to simple programs and to personal programs, as well as to large team efforts. Being vague about your objective only postpones decisions to a later stage where changes are much more costly. The problem statement should state what is to be done and not how it is to be done. It shou ld be a statement of needs, not a proposal for a solution.A user manual for the desired system is a good problem statement. The requestor should indicate which features are mandatory and which are optional, to avoid overly constraining design decisions. The requestor should avoid describing system internals, as this restricts implementation flexibility. Performance specifications and protocols for interaction with external systems are legitimate requirements. Software engineering standards, such as modular construction, design for testability, and provision for future extensions, are also proper.Many problems statements, from individuals, companies, and government agencies, mixture requirements with design decisions. There may sometimes be a compelling reason to require a particular computer or language; there is rarely justification to specify the use of a particular algorithm. The analyst must separate the true requirements from design and implementation decisions disguised as req uirements. The analyst should challenge such pseudo requirements, as they restrict flexibility.There may be politics or organizational reasons for the requirements, but at least the analyst should recognize that these externally imposed design decisions are not essential features of the problem domain. A problem statement may have more or less detail. A requirement for a conventional product, such as a payroll program or a billing system, may have considerable detail. A requirement for a research effort in a new area may lack many details, but presumably the research has some objective, which should be clearly stated. Most problem statements are ambiguous, incomplete, or even inconsistent.Some requirements are just plain wrong. Some requirements, although precisely stated, have unpleasant consequences on the system behaviour or impose unreasonable implementation costs. Some requirements seem reasonable at first but do not work out as well as the request or thought. The problem state ment is just a starting point for understanding the problem, not an immutable document. The purpose of the subsequent analysis is to fully understand the problem and its implications. There is no reasons to expect that a problem statement prepared without a fully analysis will be correct. 4. 1 DOMAIN ANALYSISThis software is dependent on manual updation regularly without updating its nothing means in this software required to update student information by the tpo and college information. Companies exam pattern and papper. need to work in company login. 4. 2 APPLICATION ANALYSIS This software is very usefull for the tpo. tpo can manage the student record for the campus recruitment by the use of this software tpo can manage the all record of the student and keep the all information of the college for the company need. it is also very good software for the company by the use of this softaware company can update recruitment in the software.CHAPTER 5 5. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM CHAPTER 6 6. SYS TEM ENVIRONMENT The system environment specifies the technical specification of requirements for the developing software. The goal of this, it completely and consistently specifies the requirements for the software products in a concise and unambiguous manner 6. 1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS RAM: 512 MB (Recommended) Processor: Pentium III 450 MHz Hard Disk Space: 3. 5 GB (Includes 500 MB free space on disk) 6. 2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Operating System: Windows 2000 or Windows XP. Sql server. .net frame work CHAPTER 7 7. ADVANTAGES Take complete record of the college about its name and address of it. †¢ Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. †¢ Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs. †¢ Maintaining records about candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any previous campus? †¢ Maintaining records of vacant position of different compani es and the particular skill record required for that position. †¢ Maintaining record about the date in which issue a recruitment occur nd also about the newspaper in which notice is issued. 7. DISADVANTAGES †¢ Minimum 512 mb ram required for this project. †¢ Minimum 3. 5 gb hard disk required for this project. †¢ It cannot run below p4 processor. †¢ Maintenance required for this software. CHAPTER 8 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY †¢ Asp. net unleashed: stephen walther †¢ Sql server 2000: mike gunderloy †¢ Sams teach yourself c#. net in 21 days †¢ Programming asp. net: jesse liberty †¢ Beginning c#. net: richard blair ———————– Tpo Con-tact COLLEGE Company Recruit STORE DATAbase ISSUE ISSUE Skills Newspaper JOBS Candidate NOTICE

Job Satisfaction of Teachers Essay

Leadership entails a number of different parts and can come from any position in the school. The administration is the main source of leadership in a school. Generally, we associate school leadership with superintendents and principals. People in these positions are in charge of making decisions, which run the school. However, teachers can also provide leadership in their classroom and through activities and other extracurricular activities. Katzenmeyer and Moller (1996) argue â€Å"†¦there is a sleeping giant of teacher leadership that can be a catalyst to push school reform†¦.† Even students can provide leadership in certain situations such as an athletic team’s captain, a point guard for a basketball team, or a class officer. With the many places leadership can occur, to have good school leadership, all people need to be willing to share responsibility and power. Lambert (1998) argues, â€Å"Leadership requires the redistribution of power and authority.† This distribution of power can lead to trust between staff and administration. This trust emerges when administrators and teachers work together to benefit the school. Trust comes about by principals trusting the judgment of teachers in the classroom and backing teachers on issues such as discipline. So that the teachers’ authority is not undermined, discipline must be consistent and not show favoritism toward any student. Teachers, in turn, must trust that the principal will follow through on all rules and not make exceptions for the school’s â€Å"star† athlete or â€Å"smartest† student. This trust is also part of a type of leadership theory called transformational leadership. Bass (1996) says that trust is a key component of idealized influence, which incorporates faith and respect, dedication, and trust into leadership. Trust is an important aspect of leadership. With the trust between leader and follower, good school leadership will also have excellent communication. Smith, who can be found in Bean (2000), argues that communicating and keeping people informed of changes and events is a key part of effective leadership. People must discuss problems and possible solutions with each other. By not doing this, the problems will continue and the organization will fall into disarray. For example, let us look at a basketball team. If the opposing team is playing man-to-man defense, it will do the offense little good to run plays designed to attack a zone defense. Here is where the coach or offensive players must talk to each other and run the correct plays. Furthermore, we see the importance of communication from Yukl (1998). He states â€Å"Leadership is about creating teamwork, collaboration, communication, and the emphasis on a total group effort.† By communicating concerns, teachers can make administrators aware of potentially school harming actions and can put a stop to these before they go too far. One example of this would be the last month of school in my school district. Due to the hot weather, students begin use squirt guns and balloons to spray each other with water. With graduation and other senior activities to organize, the principal is not in the hallways as much as previous months. Therefore, the teachers need to let the principal know this is beginning so penalties can be determined and readily enforced. This can cut down on water damage of the school and the students can continue to stay focused on school. One aspect of effective leadership that needs to be communicated to all associated with the school district is the vision of where the school is and where it needs to go. Goleman (1995) argues that â€Å"†¦leader can be expected to communicate a vision well†¦generate energy and enthusiasm regarding this vision, epitomize its meaning through the example of personal behavior, and generally inspire others to reach this vision†¦.† People need to be motivated to do a job, whether in school or in the work force. Vision gives people a goal and direction; giving them something to work for. Making people aware of the vision for the school will help parents, students, teachers, and administrators to be on the same page and working to achieve the vision together as a team. Daft (1999) states there are many pieces that visionary leadership can accomplish. These pieces include the linking of the present and future, encouraging commitment, providing meaning to work, encouraging imagination, and defining the destination. For example, if the vision of a sports team is to win, through strong dedication by players and coaches, winning will happen. If coaches can help athletes see the importance of practice and teamwork, there will be chemistry and success. With the vision of moving into the future, there comes problems and opposition. Another part of good school leadership is facing these problems and solving them. An effective way to work to solve problems is to form a group of people to suggest solutions for whatever problems occur. An excellent model to follow is suggested by Bean (2000) and is called POLCA: that is Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling, and Assessing. One problem a school district might face is incorporating the new Pennsylvania standards for education into the curriculum. My school district is in this process and work on this is set to begin in August 2000. Our superintendent started this process by carefully planning when to work on these changes. The mathematics and English departments were contacted to help work on these standards. These teachers were organized into groups by their subject area. Outside help was brought in. These parties had knowledge writing the standards for the state and helping other schools work the standards into the curriculum. These men lead the English and mathematics groups in the writing of our curriculum to include state mandates. After drafting standards and curriculum for the district, the work was checked for quality and improvements were made. Finally, the work was assessed and determined to be useful to the district. We can see that effective leadership is not easy. It takes hard work and tolerance from many different parities. Teachers, administrators, parents, and students all play a part in good school leadership. The administrators plan for the entire district, the teachers for the classroom. Parents and students help with support and may act in limited leadership roles. Effective leaders need to be able to distribute leadership to worthy parties and possibly divide it up to many individuals or groups. Effective leaders need to communicate and problem-solve. Having good social skills and having a good plan can make leadership easier and solving problems smoother. Lambert (1998) says â€Å"It [leadership] needs to be embedded in the school community as a whole.† It takes a team effort to have effective leadership in the school. We all need to work together and share the responsibility of being a leader. 1) A sense of purpose: The values of an organization must be clear, members of the organization should know them, and they should exemplify and uphold them in their own actions. 2) Justice: Everyone in an organization should be held to common standards, with rules and procedures that are clear, firm, fair, and consistent. 3) Temperance: A leader must strive to maintain a proper balance of emotions; Shriver did not mean that leaders should be dispassionate. Quite the contrary- but there are time for passionate advocacy and times for quiet reflection and reconsideration. Balance is the key. 4) Respect: The dignity of each individual is the concern of any leader, and this is preserved by treating all members of the organization with respect and ensuring they treat one-another similarly, regardless of differences. 5) Empowerment: Leaders are just that- leaders. Most of what happens in organizations is carried out by individuals other than those in formal leadership positions. Therefore, the more skilled they are, the more they feel confident in their abilities and competent to make decisions, raise questions, see new possibilities, and disagree respectfully with others at all levels of the organizational hierarchy, the stronger and more successful the organization will be. 6) Courage: Leaders are paid to set direction, not wait for direction to emerge. They have to be willing to follow their convictions and bring their organization to new places. In education, this is most sorely needed in response to the test-based regimen that has taken over our schools at the expense of true education and social-emotional and character development. 7) Deep Commitment: Leaders must not be polishing their resumes, but rather should have deep commitment to their organizations, the advancement of the organizations’ missions, and the wellbeing of everyone in them. It is this deep commitment that makes leadership in schools so challenging, because it requires a commitment to every employee, student, and parent. The performance of a leader must be judged by his or her skills and the character of his or her performance in the many and complex roles that leadership demands. Using the seven cornerstones of leading with character, derived from the life and work of Sargent Shriver, educators and those concerned with education have a tool for both evaluating and improving leadership competencies along both moral and performance dimensions.

Strategies for Growing Tods Luxury Shoes

Strategies for Growing Tods Luxury Shoes Introduction There are many factors which are essential for success in business. Those factors range from proper and professional management of business resources to adoption of up to date business models in order to ensure continued existence and growth amid ever stiffening competition.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategies for Growing Tod’s Luxury Shoes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main conventional goal of any business organization is to maximize profits and to remain solvent throughout. Achievement of this goal largely depends on an organization’s capability to sustain its client base and win new business by growing into other markets and winning customers from other competitors within its current markets. The ability of a business organization to win new business, maintain a happy workforce and consistently keep up a superior customer service depends to a large extent on its ability t o adjust to changes occurring in its area of specialization in order to sustain its competitiveness (Pinson 2008, p.56; Waddell, 2004, p.112). Failure to adopt the relevant technological changes as well as appropriate business models in this age can be the main cause of a company’s dwindling profits and eventual fall down due to its inability to offset liabilities. Surprisingly, there are business organizations such as Tod’s Luxury Shoes which sticks to old fashioned business models and still manages to sustain and even increase their client base and remain solvent and competitive. Growing Tod’s Luxury Shoes All business organizations are constantly on the lookout with respect to how they can expand their client base in order to maximize their profits. Business organizations expand their customer base by accessing new markets and winning competitors’ customers at the national level and international levels. Organizational marketing strategies are critical in establishing a ground in new markets and winning over your competitors’ clients because marketing function forms the important link between the company and the target audiences.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow (2009, p.37) notes that it is important for companies like Tods which are seeking to grow their business to change the way they interact with their present and new customers. Tods should substitute the conventional view of marketing as a plain exchange process or transaction-based process by a long-term approach that put emphasize on building strong relationships with each an every customer Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow (2009, p.37). Unlike traditional marketers who focus on attracting customers and closing deals, Tods marketers should recognize that even though it is important to attract new customers, it is even more signif icant to create and preserve a strong relationship with them so they become loyal repeat customers Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow (2009, p.37). It is important to note that strong relationships should not be limited to customers alone and must be expanded to include suppliers and employees. Tods marketers should realize that customers are getting more and more complicated. According to Pinson (2008, p.32), increase or decrease in the sales of the product or service of your company depends largely on the taste and preferences of your customers. You are therefore bound to effect changes on the basis of changes in their tastes and preferences in order to raise your sales, preserve you client base and win new business. In the clothing industry in which Tods is a player for instance you have to keep up to date with fashion styles and color preferences. Technologically, it is naturally expected that you have to adjust your business in order to stay modern with the shifting business world or be come obsolete by clinging to old technologies (Pinson, 2008, p.33; Waddell, 2004, p.78).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategies for Growing Tod’s Luxury Shoes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Change is inevitable in business and how well a business organization manages change and adapts to changes determines its future survival and ability to preserve its solvency and continue making profits in a business environment that is highly competitive and increasingly risky. According to Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow (2009, p.37),the present day customers understand marketing messages and may turn away from them if the.messages do not have the kind of information that they want and need. Therefore, Tods executives and marketers should come up with new methods for creating and developing trustworthy relationships between their company and their customers (Kurtz, MacKenzie and Snow 2009, p.37; Thurau and Hansen 2000, p.4). In a nutshell, Tods should embrace relationship marketing in place of transaction-based marketing which puts emphasize on development, growth and maintenance of lasting, cost-effective exchange relationships with employees, individual customers, suppliers, and other persons for mutual benefit. Relationship marketing offers a company new opportunities to attain a competitive edge by moving customers up the loyalty ladder (Kurtz, MacKenzie Snow (2009, p.37). Clients move from new customers to regular buyers, then to loyal supporters of the company and its goods and services and eventually to advocates who not only buy its goods but propose them to others (Kurtz et al. 2009, p.37). Relationship development should start early in marketing. It should start with determining what customers need and want then manufacturing high-quality goods to satisfy those needs. It should then continue with superior customer service before and after the acquisition. In should include programs that encourage repeat buying and promote customer loyalty (Kurtz et al. 2009, p.37).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In short, over the long term this relationship should be transformed to a lifetime value for customers who are represented by finances and intangible benefits that a client brings to an organization over an average lifetime less the investment the company has made to catch the attention of and maintain the customer. To attain growth, Tods should develop partnerships and strategic alliances. Tods should form strategic alliances, that is, partnerships that generate competitive advantages. These alliances would particularly prove important in international markets where Tods seeks to access new markets. For instance, Tods can form product-development partnerships that entail joint costs for research and development, marketing partnerships and vertical alliances where one company provides a product or component to another company which then distributes or sells it in agreed geographical locations or markets (Kurtz et al. 2009, p.38). To minimize marketing costs in international markets where Tods has not yet established itself properly it should form marketing partnership with a company that will be selling its products in those new markets. Where possible Tods can form an alliance with local companies in international markets to allow them produce their products in order to minimize production costs.This will mark a radical shift from its current old fashioned model thereby enabling it to access new markets and grow its business. Human Resources Management Introduction As mentioned earlier, proper and professional management of a business organization and its resources is a major prerequisite for success.Exelllent business management to a large extent depend on the kind of a workforce that an organization has and how well that workforce is managed. Employees of an organization add value to other organizational resources, that is, physical, financial and technological resources. Nevertheless, however adequate and good these resources may be within any given organi zation without a well organized and managed personnel an organization cannot achieve its economic as well as its social and environmental goals. The capability of an organization to maintain its client base and win new business in order to facilitate growth depends on an organization’s ability to give its customers value for their money, produce and sell safe and worth products and go an extra mile to serve their customers needs satisfactorily through its employees (Pirnes Lutolf-carroll 2009, p.54). According to Pirnes and Lutolf-carroll (2009, p.54) these steps are commonsense business values which pay off in the long run. Managing an Increased Workforce Real life business experience have shown that happy and satisfied employees in turn gives happiness and satisfaction to customers who are the main source of financial resources needed to generate profits and maintain solvency Evans(2007,p.379). Businesses have found that as workers satisfaction increases so do consumers sa tisfaction and loyalty to the organization. Cook (2008) argues that â€Å"†¦there is a correlation between employee satisfaction measures and external customer satisfaction measures† (16). Happy and satisfied workforce is also critical in establishing and building beneficial relationships with other businesses and stakeholders like shareholders, suppliers, authorities, financiers, the wider society as well as competitors. Cooperative and friendly relationships with these groups of people in modern business world are significant especially for a business like Tods which seeks to expand its business (Kurtz et al 2009, p.37; Nalbantian 2003, p.359). Tods should commit itself to employee and customer satisfaction and engagement. To achieve this it should embrace a democratic human resource management styles. Employees should be viewed as human beings with economic, social and emotional needs to be fulfilled and not mere objects for achieving organizational goals. Tods should make sure that their new and old employees are satisfied with their working conditions and jobs, so that they can stay with Tod and become familiar with customers and their needs (Evans 2007, p. 379).Continued stay with Tods by the employees will give them an opportunity to correct mistakes because customers know and trust them. This will enable employees to attain and enjoy outcomes of higher productivity and superior customer service (Evans 2007, p.379).Tods should comprehend and appreciate that if its customers are served by employees who are satisfied they will become more reliable thus facilitating more repeat business. Customers of an organization whose employees are satisfied are usually ready to protest about service problems prompting employees to fix them, they benefit from the good relationships by enjoying lower costs and better service and this results into a new sequence of increased customer satisfaction (Evans 2007, p.379). Tods should make sure that its employees a re hired through professional recruitment and selection process in order to ensure that employees with skills and experience match Tods’ need to grow its business are hired. Once they have been hired through such a process Tods should engage them in its work and make them part and parcel of the â€Å"fabric† of Tods (Evans 2007, p. 379). Extensive employee engagement will ensures that Tods workers have a strong emotional bond to their organization, are actively involved in and committed to their work, feel that their work in put is significant, know that their opinions and ideas have value and over and over again go beyond their immediate prescribed work duties for the good of the organization. In short, engagement results in to bigger levels of satisfaction among the workforce which in turn improves organizational performance. It is important to note that employee satisfaction and engagement is firmly related to employee retention, employee safety, profit and overall productivity (Evans 2007, 379). Employees’ performance should be regularly appraised through fair and transparent means in order to measure their performance and reward them accordingly. Tods should adopt a known culture of promoting excellent performers in order to motivate newly employed workers to work smart and hard. This will inspire them to exploit their potential for the good of the organization. In simple terms, meritocracy should underpin compensation of an individual employee work (Edwards Rees 2006, p.14). It is noteworthy that increased workforce will inevitably be accompanied by increased workforce diversity which if managed well and on basis of sound management knowledge can be exploited for the good of the organization. Increased diversity implies that the organization shall have employees with different cultural backgrounds and indigenous languages trying to work together Bronwynne (2007, p.115). Managers should ensure that all workers are heard understood an d appreciated by all members of an organization (Bronwynne 2007, p.115). To achieve this, they should ensure that there are clear channels of communication in their organization and between their companies and others to avoid preventable work place conflicts. Tods should put in place mechanisms that facilitate and build good employee relations within the organization and a fair reward management so as to make sure that everyone gets what he or she deserves. It can organize regular workplace leisure activities. In order to improve employee performance and take care of the employee career development, on job training should carried out regularly so as to ensure that employee keep up with changes in their department and thus prevent them from becoming obsolete. Tods should comprehend and appreciate that proper and professional management of its employees is essentially the basis of the kind customer service that it is going to offer to its clients. In short, the happier and satisfied t he employees the better the customer service will be and hence the volume of sales. Benefits and disadvantages of the marketing strategies adopted by Tod’s Luxury Shoes Introduction Marketing is an important process in business without which your better-quality products or services may not fulfill its intention which is satisfaction of your customer needs. According to Silk, marketing is the process of strategizing and implementing the development, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to facilitate exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives (Silk 2006, p.3). The objects of the Tods marketers should therefore be to make sure that their clients understand the basic concept underlying their goods; explain to them the significance of the Tods’ products to their needs; get rid of or alleviate barriers to exchange so that customers can engage in an exchange with minimal effort and to build up and manage dependable relationship s with customers, thereby providing the framework within which exchanges occurs (Silk 2006, p.3). Extending the product line According to Farrils, Moore and Buzzell (2004, p.82), an extended product line enables a company to increase the productivity of other features of the marketing communication mix. Extending product lines may increase the productivity of the in-passageway promotions because the whole product line profits from advertisements for individual goods in the line (Farris et al. 2004, p.82). Fundamentally, an extended product line allows a company to better leverage a fixed expenditure on in-passageway promotions ( Farris et al 2004, p.82). According to Bennett (2009, p.426) one of the main disadvantage of extending a product line is the lack of depth within the product lines carried in numerous departments. Therefore, sales persons are not able to specialize fully in a given product. As a result, sales persons may tend to be inclined into the selling of their favorite products at the expense of others. In the long run, this may lead to lower volume of sales which is not good for a company like Tods which is seeking to expand its business. Seeking New Markets Seeking a new market for a company’s products has many advantages. First, new markets enable an organization to win new business and thus expand its client base and eventually its revenue. Secondly, seeking a new market enables a company to access valuable information it would not have otherwise obtained. New markets enable seeking opportunities to move into new markets to obtain first hand product ideas with regard to the new market needs. New markets can also assist a Tods to access valuable resources like cheap raw materials and labor once it establishes itself in the new market (Burrow 2008, p.78).Thirdly, new market enable an organization to identify potential other markets within the vicinity of their current new markets. However, in the initial stages of seeking new market for its products Tods should be ready and willing to spend without necessarily making any substantial profits in those markets (Needle 2004, p.324). Apart from extra costs that a firm is bound to incur while seeking new markets for its products, it is bound to encounter challenges that may arise from diversity among its new workforce as well as its customers and other parties like authorities. This may imply the need for more resources to facilitate training of its managers and employees on how to deal with multiculturalism. All these may derail its grounding within new markets. Reference List Bennett, A. G. (2009). The Big Book of Marketing. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Professional. Bronwynne, B. (2007). Managing people: fresh perspectives. Pretoria: Pearson South Africa. Burrow, J. L. (2008). Marketing. New York,NY : Cengage Learning. Cook, S. (2008). Customer Care Excellence: How to Create an Effective Customer Focus. New York,NY : Kogan Page Publishers. Edwards, T., Rees, C. (2006). Int ernational human resource management: globalization, national systems and multinational. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Evans, J. R. (2007).Quality and Performance Excellence: Management, Organization, and Strategy. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Farris, P., Moore, M. J., Buzzell, R. D. (2004). The profit impact of marketing strategy project: retrospect and prospects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hennig-Thurau, T., Hansen, U. (2000). Relationship marketing: gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer. New York, NY: Springer. Kurtz, D. L., MacKenzie, H. F., Snow, K.(2009). Contemporary Marketing. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Là ¼tolf-Carroll, C., Pirnes, A. (2009) From innovation to cash flows: value creation by structuring high technology alliances. London, John Wiley and Sons. Nalbantian, H. R. (2003).Play to your strengths: managing your internal labor markets for lasting competitive advantage. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Professional. Ne edle, D. (2004). Business in context: an introduction to business and its environment. New York, NY : Cengage Learning EMEA. Pinson, L. (2008) Anatomy of a business plan: the step-by-step guide to building your business and securing your companys future. Chicago, IL :Aka associates. Silk, A. J. (2006).What is marketing? Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. Waddell, D. (2004). E-business innovation and change management. London: London, Idea Group Inc (IGI).